Critical Abstract- Nietzsche (On Truth & Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense)


              “Is language the adequate expression of all realities?” writes Nietzsche in On Truth and Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense. Language is arbitrary in that between the word spoken, and the concept intended there is room for confusion or misunderstanding.
              For example, if I say to you, the word “leaf” what image comes to mind? You may recall the orange and gold leaves of fall. While your picture is valid, perhaps I was thinking of the beautiful green leaves on the oak tree behind my house.
              Nietzsche writes that no leaf is the same as any other leaf. In other words, there are not only many types of leaves, but many different ways to view those types. Maple leaves in Spring are vastly different from oak leaves in the Spring, and in the fall, when the colors are changing, there are even more differences. Botanists would note an even greater number of differences in leaves.
              You can narrow the number of possible images, by adding additional, more specific, words; a red, sun-dried, oak leaf, but it is virtually impossible to be so specific, describing every wrinkle and line so that every person hearing the description pictures the leaf exactly the same.
              The point Nietzsche is making is that there is very little difference between lies and truth; language is so arbitrary, so easily manipulated, that just one truth is impossible.


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